Types of salts 1

 Hello fam! Welcome to today’s lesson. I am glad to be your host again as we learn chemistry together. Yesterday, we explained the meaning of the term “salt” and I believe that everyone got what we were tying to explain.


Today we would start looking at the types of salts. We would continue with this tomorrow but today we are going to look at three kinds of salts for a start. 


On a lighter note, I believe our lesson yesterday cleared up the erroneous idea that the only kind of salt that exists is the kind of salt that is used to cook in the kitchen. That one is just sodium chloride enriched with other ingredients to improve our health. We commonly refer to it as table salt.


So lets go down to business. What are the types of salts?

1) Normal salts: These are salts that do not contain hydrogen or hydroxide ions in the salt formula. They are usually formed when a neutralization reaction occurs between a strong acid and a strong base such that the reaction is COMPLETE. An incomplete reaction between an acid and a base would produce an acid salt or a basic salt depending on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

E.g NaOH(aq)   + HCl(aq) ---> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

      Strong base     Strong acid    Normal salt    Water

2) Acid salt: An acid salt is a salt that contains a replaceable hydrogen in the formula of the salt. 

E.g H2SO4 (aq) +  KOH(aq) ---> KHSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

                                                        Acid salt

Due to the presence of the replaceable hydrogen in KHSO4, the salt would show acidic properties such as reacting with a base, turning blue litmus paper red, etc.

3) Basic salt: A basic salt is a salt that contains a hydroxide moiety in the formula of the salt. E.g

 Mg(OH)2(aq) + HNO3(aq) --> Mg(OH)NO3(aq) + H2O

                                                     Basic salt

A basic salt would still exhibit the properties of a base such as reacting with acids, turning red litmus blue etc due to the presence of the hydroxide moiety in the salt.


Hope you enjoyed our lesson today?

Follow  our page  and share!

Do you have assignments, term papers, projects and difficult homework questions? Contact us for help now! We also offer home and remote tutoring services to students at all levels in science subjects.





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Water of Crystallization

Image
 Hello fam! Today we would be looking at the water of crystallization of a salt. It is common to refer to some salts as hydrates. A hydrate is a salt that has its water of crystallization attached to its structure. The term water of crystallization refers to the number of water molecules that combine chemically, in definite molecular proportion with a salt to form a crystalline structure. The number of water molecules attached to the crystal lattice of the salt is usually written alongside the chemical formula of the salt by placing a dot in between the usual formula of the salt and the number of molecules of water attached to the salt lattice. Examples of salts having water of crystallization are; • Na2CO3.10H2O – Sodium carbonate decahydrate • CuSO4.5H2O  - Copper sulfate pentahydrate • CaSO4.2H2O – Calcium sulfate dihydrate  It is important to note that the presence or absence of the water of crystallization affects the properties of the salt. For instance, CuSO4.5H2O is blue in col
Read more

Introduction to complex salts

Image
 Hello fam! Welcome to today’s lesson. We would focus our study today on trying to understand what we mean by a complex salt. I advise that you look at the lessons on June 18 and July 6, 2023 found on the page timeline for a detailed explanation of the idea of the coordinate bond. I will try to give a little introduction here but looking at the lessons I quoted above are indispensable to making the most out of this lesson.  A coordinate bond is formed when ONLY ONE of the bonding species supply the electron pair that is shared in the covalent bond. In other words, a coordinate bond must involve a  Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor) and a Lewis base, (electron pair donor). Let us look at a typical example. Consider the formation of [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2. Remember that the ground state electron configuration of the copper II ion is written as; [Ar]3d9 4s0.  This implies that we have empty 4s and 4p orbitals that can participate in dsp2 hybridization (forming a square planar complex) along with
Read more

Preparation of Salts

Image
 Today, our focus would be on the preparation of salts. We are concerned about how we can make salts. I want to remind you again that a salt is made when hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by another cation. Let us now consider some of ways by which salts can be made; 1) Reaction of a dilute acid and metal; A salt can be formed when a single replacement reaction occurs between a dilute acid and a metal. The metal used here must be above hydrogen in the activity series. For example; Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) This kind of reaction is most times given as one of the chemical properties of acids. 2) Neutralization reaction: As I have explained previously, a neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and a base to form a salt and water only. This is one of the most important ways by which soluble salts are formed. For example; KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) -> KCl(aq) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) -> CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) 3) Dilute acid and carbonate: One of the chemical properties
Read more